Fig. 3: Expression of genes with functional importance for AM development is suppressed by ethylene.

A Venn diagram showing overlap of DEGs with decreased transcript accumulation in ethephon treated wild type L. japonicus roots and DEGs with increased transcript accumulation in solvent-treated AM roots of wild type and ein2a ein2b. B Gene ontology enrichment for Venn sets I–IV from (A). The values within the cells represent the logarithm of the FDR obtained for the enrichment of specific gene ontology terms. Darker colors indicate stronger enrichment. C Log₂Fold-change heatmap for genes previously reported to be functionally required in AM and displaying significantly reduced expression in response to ethephon or increased expression in the ein2a ein2b mutant. Cells with numbers represent log₂Fold-change with significant difference to the respective comparator (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Black cells represent no significant difference. ‘Set’ indicates the gene set in (A). To identify differentially expressed genes between groups, a two-sided exact test in edgeR, was used, accounting for both up- and downregulated genes. Adjusted p-values were calculated using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to control for multiple comparisons.