Fig. 2: Stable representation of vicarious freezing shared with affective pain experience.

a Schematic of behavior sessions for Ca²⁺ imaging. The experiment was conducted in the order of OFC1, OFC2, and Direct-shock sessions. b Venn diagrams illustrating neurons responsive to OB-freezing, DM-reaction, and DM-freezing during OFC2. c Relative proportion of overlapping cells across behavior pairs, showing neurons exclusive to one session (OFC1 or OFC2) or to both. See also Supplementary Fig. 3. d, e Alluvial plots of OB-freezing cell responses across OFC1 and OFC2. d Proportions of cells exclusive to OB-freezing (‘Only’) or shared with other behaviors (‘Mixed’). e Ratios of excited and inhibited cells responsive to OB-freezing across sessions. See also Supplementary Fig. 4. f, l Schematic illustrating the procedure for training OFC datasets and testing LDA classifiers to decode neuronal activity in OFC2 f or Direct-shock l. g LDA decoder performance predicting three behaviors during OFC2 using OFC1 data (left) and mean decoding accuracy matrix between OFC1 and OFC2 (right). (n = 6 mice; Two-sided multiple t-test with Holm-Šídák post hoc test, t = 4.239, p = 0.0081). h Schematic of Shock-freezing and Shock-reaction behaviors in Direct-shock. i Venn diagrams of neurons responsive to these behaviors during Direct-shock. j Relative proportion of overlapping cells across behavior pairs, showing neurons exclusive to one session (OFC1 or Direct-shock), or to both. k Alluvial plot illustrating changes in neuronal responsiveness from OB-freezing cells to Shock-freezing or Shock-reaction cells across OFC1 and Direct-shock sessions. m LDA decoder performance predicting Shock-freezing or Shock-reaction behaviors during Direct-shock session using OFC1 data (left) and mean decoding accuracy matrix between OFC1 and Direct-shock (right). (n = 12 mice; Two-sided multiple t-test with Holm-Šídák post hoc test: OB-freezing vs. Shock-freezing, t = 3.647, p = 0.0038; OB-freezing vs. Shock-reaction, t = 3.202, p = 0.0084. OB-fz: OB-freezing, DM-fz: DM-freezing. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. ** p < 0.01. All data are presented as means ± S.E.M.