Fig. 4: Photovoltaic performance.

a Champion J-V curves of IPSCs with an active area of 1 cm². b Mott–Schottky plots showing the V_bi of IPSCs. c Dependence of V_OC on light intensity for IPSCs. d Transient photovoltage (TPV) decay curves of IPSCs. e MPPT of IPSMs under one-sun equivalent white LED illumination in air (T～45 °C, RH～65%).