Fig. 2: Lack of PDH induces low levels of ROS and causes a macrophage/neutrophil-dominated immune response.

A C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously infected with 10⁷ CFU WT or ΔPdh, and luminol bioluminescence of ROS measured 1 h post-infection. Shown are bioluminescence images from representative ulcers. B Collective bioluminescence data. Mean and SEM is shown (n = 6–10 per group, biological replicates). * represents p-values < 0.05. C The distribution of specific cell types in the total CD45⁺ population of cells isolated from the ulcer with minimal surrounding tissue at 3-dpi was evaluated by flow cytometry. DCs, dendritic cells. Each symbol represents an individual mouse (n = 8–12 mice per group, biological replicates), data presented represents the mean and SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student’s t test. *, and *** represent p-values < 0.05, and < 0.001, respectively. Exact p-values are provided in the source data. D tSNE clustering analysis of all cells pooled from WT and ΔPdh from a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of immune cell populations in the ulcer at 3-dpi. Different cell sub-identities are indicated by color and labeled. E Relative proportion of cells with different sub-identities observed during infection by WT or ΔPdh identified by scRNA-seq. Abbreviations: MAC, macrophages; Neu, neutrophils; M-MdM, monocyte-derived macrophages; NK, natural killer cells; DCs, dendritic cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.