Fig. 1: The differential response of AD and NEO Mo to LPS stimulation is linked to an age-specific baseline programming of metabolism. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: The differential response of AD and NEO Mo to LPS stimulation is linked to an age-specific baseline programming of metabolism.

From: Oxidative phosphorylation is a key feature of neonatal monocyte immunometabolism promoting myeloid differentiation after birth

Fig. 1

a Experimental setup and workflow for blood samples obtained from healthy newborns (NEO) and adults (AD) (each n = 3). Created in BioRender. Holsten, L. (2025) https://BioRender.com/c95u965. b PCA of the transcriptome data depicting the group relationship of NEO and AD Mo without (Ctrl) and with 4 h treatment with LPS (100 ng/ml). Proportion of variance in percent. c Module heatmap resulting from hCoCena colored by the mean GFC within the respective modules and age and treatment groups. d GSEA for the modules identified in c, selected Hallmark (HM), gene ontology (GO) and KEGG (KG) terms shown (complete table of enrichment in Supplementary Data 1). e TNF and f GM-CSF production by untreated (Ctrl) and 16 h LPS-treated (100 ng/ml) NEO Mo (each n = 8) and AD Mo (each n = 8) represented as means ± SEM. The p-values were determined using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. ns, not significant. g–i Untreated NEO and AD Mo (each n = 3) were cultivated in U-[13 C]-glucose tracer medium and isotopic enrichment determined after 24 h using GC–MS. g Scheme of glucose m + 6 metabolism and isotopic enrichment. ETC, electron transfer chain. Created in BioRender. Tödtmann, A. (2025) https://BioRender.com/e96w997. h Relative abundance of m + 3 and m + 2 isotopologues of indicated glycolytic pathway and i TCA intermediates. Plotted are means ± SEM. The p-values were determined using two-sided t-tests. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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