Fig. 4: Zorya systems prevent phage infection through population-wide immunity.
From: Modularity of Zorya defense systems during phage inhibition
a–f E. coli MT56 harboring VC or Zorya I was grown in LB supplemented with 0.02% l-Rhamnose and infected with ɸAlma at MOI 5 or 0.05. The (a, d) titer (PFU/mL), b, e cell counts (CFU/mL), and c, f growth rate (OD600nm) of each culture was measured at several time points, as shown in panels (a–f), over the course of 12 h post-infection. g–l E. coli MT56 carrying VC or Zorya II were grown in LB supplemented with 0.02% l-Rhamnose and infected with ɸT7 at MOI 5 or 0.05. The g, j titer (PFU/mL), h, k cell counts (CFU/mL), and i, l the growth rate (OD600nm) of each culture were measured at several time points, as shown in panels (g–l), over the course of 12 h post-infection. For all panels, points show mean ± SEM (n = 3 biological replicates). Statistical significance was calculated with Graphpad applying a two-way ANOVA comparison test. No significance was detected, unless indicated (*p ≤ 0.05). In a, the p-values for the VC vs Zorya I comparisons are as follows: for the 3-h time point, p = 0.0003; for the 6-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 9-h time point, p = 0.0009; and for the 12-h time point, p < 0.0001. d The p-values for the VC vs Zorya I comparisons are as follows: for the 3-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 6-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 9-h time point, p = 0.0009; and for the 12-h time point, p < 0.0001. g The p-values for the VC vs Zorya II comparisons are as follows: for the 3-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 6-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 9-h time point, p = 0.0009; and for the 12-h time point, p < 0.0001. j The p-values for the VC vs Zorya II comparisons are as follows: for the 3-h time point, p < 0.0001; for the 6-h time point, p = 0.0002; for the 9-h time point, p = 0.0009; and for the 12-h time point, p = 0.0004.
