Fig. 7: Tfr cells fail to control the later stages of rejection after kidney transplantation.

a Schematic of late Tfr cell deletion after allogeneic kidney transplantation. Tfr-Con or Tfr-DTR mice received Balb/c kidney transplants followed by CTLA4Ig treatment. Diphtheria toxin (DT) was administered starting on day 20 to induce Tfr cell deletion, and mice being analyzed 30 days post-transplantation. b Measurement of IgG DSA in the serum of Tfr-Con (n = 4) and Tfr-DTR (n = 3) mice at 30 days post-transplantation. c Pathology of transplanted kidneys using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Magnification: 200×, scale bars: 50 μm. d Gating strategy and quantification of CXCR5+ follicular, Tfh, Tfr, and CXCR5-Foxp3+ T cells in total CD4+ T cells from the dLNs of Tfr-Con (n = 5) and Tfr-DTR (n = 3) mice. e Gating strategy (left) and quantification (right) of GC B cells (n = 5 for Tfr-Con and n = 3 for Tfr-DTR). f Frequency of Naïve (CD38+IgG1-), IgG1+, IgG2+, and memory-like (CD38+IgG1+) B cells in total B cells from the dLN (n = 5 for Tfr-Con and n = 3 for Tfr-DTR). Data are combined from two independent experiments. Statistics: Error bars show mean ± SEM. Student’s two-tailed unpaired T test for 2-group comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Portions created in BioRender. Zhang, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/b29q775.