Fig. 3: Determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) types produced by INX-2.

a Schematic diagram of photodynamic therapy based on Jablonski. b ROS produced by INX-2 after laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.45 W cm⁻², 10 min) using 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as an indicator. (n = 3 independent samples). c Relative changes in fluorescence intensity of singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) or (d) absorption intensity of 9,10-anthracenediylbis (methylene) dipropanedioic acid (ABDA) decomposition after laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.45 W cm⁻², 10 min) in the presence of different photosensitizers. (n = 3 independent samples). e Changes in fluorescence intensity of hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) and (f) dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR-123) with time during laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.45 W cm⁻², 10 min) in the presence of different photosensitizers. (n = 3 independent samples). g–i Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) or 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-oxide (DMPO) in the presence of INX-2 for characterization of ¹O₂ (g), ·OH (h) and O₂^·− (i) during xenon lamp irradiation (300 W cm⁻², 5 min). I₀ and I represent the fluorescence or absorbance intensities of the fluorescent probe before and after laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.45 W cm⁻², 10 min), while A₀ and A are the absorbance intensities under the same conditions. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent samples). For g–i experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.