Fig. 1: Illustrations of enhancement mechanism and material characterization.
From: Hydration-induced stiffness enabling robust thermal cycling of high temperature fuel cells cathode
a Cathode fracture mechanisms and the influence of Y element and water molecules on grain intercontact boundary. b Y-doping impact on hydration expansion, vacancies, and crystal structure. Co, Ce, Y, and O, are blue, green, yellow, and red solid circles, respectively, the black hollow circles represent oxygen vacancies, and the gray area represents the intergranular fault regions between the grains. c, d are XRD patterns of BCC and s-BCC-Y powder and Rietveld refinement results. e, f represent TEM observations of lattice spacing measurement and interface between different phases within BCC and s-BCC-Y particles, respectively. g TG and DTG analysis of hydrated BCC and s-BCC-Y from RT to 1000 °C. h H2O-TPD of BCC and s-BCC-Y from RT to 800 °C. Source data for Fig. 1c, d, g, h were provided as a Source Data file.
