Fig. 2: Process illustration of chiral nanoconfinement strategy.

a Schematic illustration for the formation of silica nanoshells as chiral transfer medium. The golden and translucent models represent the Au NPs and chiral SiO2 nanoshells, respectively. b, c SEM images of (b) L-helicoid Au NPs and (c) D-helicoid Au NPs with the g-factor of 0.07. d–g TEM images of (d) L-helicoid Au NPs, (e) helicoid Au@SiO2 NPs, (f) Au seed@chiral SiO2 NPs, and (g) chiral SiO2 nanoshells. h–m SEM images of individual 0.07-L-helicoid Au NP oriented along the (h) [100], (i) [111], and (j) [110] axes. TEM images of individual 0.07-L-chiral SiO2 nanoshells viewed from the (k) [100], (l) [111], and (m) [110] axes. n, o, (n) g-factor and (o) normalized extinction spectra of L- (orange) and D-helicoid Au NPs (blue), L- (yellow) and D-helicoid Au@SiO2 NPs (sky blue). Scale bars: b–g 200 nm. h–m 100 nm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.