Fig. 4: The mechanical characterization of Roliner.
From: Dynamically adaptive soft metamaterial for wearable human–machine interfaces
A The measurement setup for the investigation of actuation pressure (PA), actuation force (FA), and suspension force (FS). B Measuring Actuation Force: measurement setup with a horizontally restrained flat liner (left). The maximum actuation forces observed at differing levels of actuation pressure (PA) and with 1–4 zones of actuation are shown (right). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. The individual data points of each independent experiment (\(n=3\)) were presented as overlayed on the bar charts. C Measuring Suspension Force (FS) observed with differing levels of actuation pressure (PA) with 1, 2, and 4 zones of actuation are shown. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. The individual data points (\(n=9\)) of each independent experiment (\({n}_{i}=3\)) and technical repeats (\({n}_{t}=3\)) were presented as overlayed on the bar charts. D The maximum suspension force (FS) vs displacement observed in the sockets with a gap of 5 mm and 10 mm. Data are presented as mean values and the error bars where shaded regions represent the standard deviation (± σ).
