Fig. 6: Gait cycle analysis and prosthesis evaluation questionnaire results.

A Cohort description and SJ03 walking in the motion capture setup. (TK: through the knee, TF: transfemoral) B First and second peaks of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) of the prosthetic leg, cadence, and stance time of the subjects. The detailed GRF vs stance phase of SJ04 who walked with a poor-fitting socket because of 20 kg weight loss. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. The individual data points of each independent experiment (\(n\ge 5\)) were presented as overlayed on the bar charts. C The violin chart comparison of Roliner versus passive liners in terms of prosthetic utility, ambulation, frustration and residual limb health parameters Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) scores from the preclinical cohort. The horizontal line shows the mean score. The mean scores (\(\mu\)) are shown on the right-hand side of the violin chart. In the violin charts, kernel density estimation was performed using Scott type bandwidth. The individual data points represents the independent PEQ scores from the related section (\(8\ge n\ge 2\)) of the questionnaire for each participant (\(n=6\)). These were presented as overlayed on the box charts. The p value calculated using two-sided paired sample t-test. (**) represents statistical significance as \(p \, < \, 0.005\).