Fig. 5: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) characterisation of Mosquito Creek Formation microbial mats.

A TEM image of an ultrathin (<80 nm) FIB-milled section (sample 28c). Red box shows region mapped in D. Scanning TEM (STEM) brightfield images showing carbonaceous materials (black) intercalated between elongate phyllosilicate particles (grey) (B, sample 28c; C, sample 21b). Panel B shows the microstratigraphy of the mat and the manner in which mat laminations trap heavy mineral particles (white). Arrow in C denotes a rare earth element phosphate particle (see Fig. S29). D STEM darkfield micrograph and EELS compositional maps (sample 28c). Red box in micrograph denotes the region mapped.