Fig. 3: Simulated future CH4 emissions from Tibetan Plateau thermokarst lakes by 2100.
The projected CH4 emissions from thermokarst lakes up to 2100 during ice-melting (a-b) and ice-free periods (c-d) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). a, c depict the trends in CH4 emission from thermokarst lakes without considering the changes of ice-covered duration. Conversely, b, d show future changes of CH4 emissions after considering the changes of ice duration, reflecting a dynamic modeling of ice impacting on CH4 emissions. e The predicted annual CH4 emissions from thermokarst lakes up to 2100, without accounting for changes in the duration of ice cover. f The predicted annual CH4 emissions from thermokarst lakes with future lake ice loss. g The bar charts show the past, present, and future CH₄ emissions. The charts with white bars represent CH₄ emissions during the ice-melting period, and color bars show the annual emissions. Data are reported as mean ± standard error (SE).
