Fig. 6: Overshoots compatible with the predictions of our model are observed in in nutrient-shift experiments.

The figure shows relaxation to the new steady state for various experiments, both for the growth rate and the ribosomal sector size. In all panels, continuous red lines represent the results of a simulation of the model. A, B Growth rate λ and ribosomal sector size ϕ_R dynamics following an upshift in a microfluidic device at 37 °C, (reanalyzed data from ref. ²³). The symbols are sliding averages with a window of 75 min (see Methods and/or Supplementary Note 11 for details on the definition of ϕ_R). C Growth rate λ dynamics following an upshift across the same media as in ref. ²³ in a microfluidic mother-machine device at 30 °C. The symbols are binned averages with a window of 40 min. D–F Growth rate λ dynamics following an upshift across the same media as in ref. ²³ in a batch culture at 37 °C, for the wild type (D) and a reporter strain in ref. ²³ (E, F). All the panels refer to a biological replicate and show averages among technical replicates. The three panels refer to different experiments and summarize the three typically observed outcomes: clear overshoots, found in 8 biological replicates, shown in Supplementary Fig. 10 (D), lack of visible overshoots at odds with the model, found in 9 replicates shown in Supplementary Fig. 11 (E), and lack of observed overshoots in agreement with the model, found in 4 biological replicates shown in Supplementary Fig. 12 (F).