Fig. 1: Social defeat stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the mPFC of the adolescent susceptible mice.

a Schematic representation of the AcSD experimental course and behavioral test process for C57BL/6J male mice. SPT, sucrose preference test; AcSD, accelerated social stress defeat; SIT, social interaction test. b Graphic representation of AcSD stress paradigm for adolescent mice. c Scatter plot depicting the distribution of social interaction ratio for control (without experiencing AcSD), susceptible (ratio < 100), and resilient (ratio ≥ 100) after the AcSD paradigm. The white, red, and blue dots represent the control, susceptible, and resilient groups, respectively. d Measurement of the time in interaction zone of the above mice without or with target. e The percentages of susceptible (red) and resilient (blue) mice exposed to AcSD. Measurement of the total liquid intake (f) and the percentage of sucrose consumption (g) in SPT. Data in (c–g) are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 30 mice for the control group, n = 37 mice for the susceptible group, n = 38 mice for the resilient group; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). h Graphic representation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels in the mPFC and the hippocampus of adolescent mice. Measurement of mitochondrial MMP (i) and ATP levels (j) in the mPFC and the hippocampus from WT male mice exposed to AcSD or control. Data in (i, j) are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each group; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). k Schematic representation of the experimental procedure for AcSD paradigm and behavioral test process for C57BL/6J male mice with administration of Mdivi1, GW0742 or ACSF (Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid). l–n Behavioral tests of WT male mice exposed to AcSD paradigm with administration of Mdivi1, GW0742 or ACSF. Measurement of social interaction ratio (l), time in interaction zone without or with target (m), and the percentage of sucrose preference (n) in WT male mice with indicative treatments. Data in (l–n) are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 12 mice for each group; one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test). See also Supplementary Figs. 1, 2. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.