Fig. 4: Projections of China’s groundwater quality under four scenarios (I, II, III, and IV).

Projected probability of PGQ in China in 2050 (a–d); Population in regions with PGQ probability greater than 0.5 in 2050 (e–h). Map Source: Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources, People’s Republic of China [Map Review Number: GS(2019)1822].