Fig. 1: Screening of M1-ZnO for photothermal catalytic selective oxidation of CH4 to HCHO.

a Calculated adsorption energy of HCHO (Eads) on M1-ZnO. b Gas‒solid photothermal catalytic CH4 oxidation performance for M1-ZnO. c HCHO/(CO + CO2) of gas‒solid photothermal catalytic CH4 oxidation for M1-ZnO plotted against the HCHO adsorption on M1-ZnO. The reaction conditions in (b): CH4 (45 mL min−1) + air (5 mL min−1), RH = 20%, external heating at 150 °C, Xe lamp with wavelength range of 200–1200 nm and 1000 mW cm–2 light intensity. Blue, red, black, white, dark gray, yellow, light gray and turquoise spheres in (a) represent Zn, O, C, H, Ag, Au, Pt and Pd atoms, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.