Fig. 3: Activity of photothermal catalytic selective oxidation of CH4 to HCHO.

a Activity on ZnO, ZnO(SM), Ag1-ZnO, and AgNP-ZnO under external heating at 150 °C. b Activity on Ag1-ZnO under external heating at different temperatures. c Activity on Ag1-ZnO at a catalyst surface temperature of 228 °C under irradiation with different light intensities. d Continuous stability tests on Ag1-ZnO. e Concentration of the absorption solution (2 mL distilled water at 0 °C) for a 3, 6 and 12 h of reaction. (The insert is a photo of the chromogenic agent added to the absorption solution after dilution 1000 times). f Comparison of the catalytic activity for photooxidation of CH4 to HCHO over Ag1-ZnO with other photocatalysts. The reaction conditions in a–d: CH4 (45 mL min−1) + air (5 mL min−1), and RH = 20%. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.