Fig. 2: CVM co-occurrence and multi-morbidity influence SPARE-CVM profiles across phenotypic dimensions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: CVM co-occurrence and multi-morbidity influence SPARE-CVM profiles across phenotypic dimensions.

From: Machine learning reveals distinct neuroanatomical signatures of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in cognitively unimpaired individuals

Fig. 2

The co-occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors (CVMs) is prevalent in the general population, contributing to heterogeneity among participants and impacting the spatial patterns of abnormality related to CVMs (SPARE-CVMs). Center: A Venn diagram illustrates the CVM co-occurrence patterns observed in the training dataset. To visualize the influence of single- and multi-morbidity, three-dimensional projections of SPARE-CVMs are presented (A–D). Each ellipsoid within these projections represents the SPARE-CVM scores closest to the mean for a specific combination of CVM statuses. Participants with CVM− status for all three CVMs (All−) exhibit the lowest SPARE-CVMs, while those with CVM+ status for all three CVMs (All+) demonstrate the highest SPARE-CVMs. Notably, participants with CVM+ status in only one of the three CVMs show elevated scores specifically in the corresponding SPARE-CVM dimension, reflecting the distinct contributions of individual CVMs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Back to article page