Fig. 3: DBS lead localization and power changes from baseline for all TUS protocols. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: DBS lead localization and power changes from baseline for all TUS protocols.

From: Individualized non-invasive deep brain stimulation of the basal ganglia using transcranial ultrasound stimulation

Fig. 3

A The localizations of the DBS leads in the GPi (n = 9 PD patients, n = 1 dystonia patient) demonstrated in both axial and coronal brain views. B Comparison of baseline spectral power across the tbTUS, 10 Hz TUS, active sham, and passive sham conditions, indicating no significant differences in total baseline LFP power spectra (3–30 Hz) prior to the application of TUS (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Shaded areas represent the standard error of the mean. C–F Histograms represent the total percentage change in spectral power (3–30 Hz) from baseline following each TUS protocol. The data has been pooled across all 18 hemispheres (n = 9 PD patients) and at four different time points post-TUS. While tbTUS (C), and 10 Hz TUS (D) significantly increased the overall power from baseline (tbTUS: p = 0.01, 10 Hz TUS: p = 7E-06), passive sham and active sham TUS (E, F) had no significant effects (passive sham: p = 0.06, active sham: p = 0.8). Statistical Significance was tested by a two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni adjustment. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001) and the pink downward-pointing triangles indicate the mean of the distribution. The vertical dashed line at 0% denotes the baseline level for reference.

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