Fig. 3: HFD enhances tumor cell homing and metastasis to the lung.

A Primary tumor growth of EO771 cells injected into the mammary fat pad of ND or HFD-fed. 3 independent experiments: ND n = 16 mice, HFD n = 17 mice. B Representative images of p53 staining in the lungs of ND and HFD mice on day 22 post-tumor cell injection (p.i.) Bar: 200 μm. C Quantification of the total number of metastatic foci in the experiment shown in (A). Lesions were binned into four size categories based on the number of tumor cells: 1-2 cells, 3-10 cells, 11-49 cells, and ≥50 cells. 3 independent experiments: ND n = 15, HFD n = 17 mice. D Representative images of tumors from ND and HFD mice on day 14 p.i. (no significant differences in tumor size). E Representative images of p53 stained lungs from ND and HFD mice on day 14 p.i. Bar: 200 μm. F Quantification of the total number of metastatic foci in the lungs of ND and HFD mice on day 14 p.i. Lesions were binned and analyzed as in (C). 4 independent experiments: ND n = 21, HFD n = 28 mice. G Scheme illustrating the EO771 cell homing assay corresponding to (H). H Representative images of the 1-hour homing assay with EO771 -GFP-luciferase tumor cells injected into the tail vein of ND and HFD mice. I Quantification of experiment in (H), 3 independent experiments, n = 12 mice per group. J Representative pictures of p53 staining in the lungs of ND and HFD mice at day 14 p.i. Bar: 100 μm. K Quantification of the total number of metastatic foci in the lungs of ND and HFD mice at day 14 p.i. by tail vein injection. Lesions were binned and analyzed as in (C), corresponding to 3 independent experiments: n = 15 mice per group. All data represent the mean ± s.d., and the P values were calculated by two-way ANOVA in (A) and with a two-tailed Student’s t-test in C, F, I, and Mann-Whitney test in (K). Values are shown in box‐and‐whisker plots where the line in the box corresponds to the mean. Boxes extend from the minimum to the maximum value.