Fig. 4: Different Regions of the Fe/Fe3O4 interface displaying FeO-like complexions of various thicknesses.

i DFT-computed electronic charge densities, ii DFT-relaxed equilibrium structure, and iii DPC-4DSTEM reconstructed charge density map for a three-layer and b four-layer FeO-like complexions at the Fe/Fe3O4 interface. The relaxed DFT structure of the interface is presented as a bridging sketch between the two charge density maps in both (a, b). DFT: Density functional theory. DPC: differential phase contrast imaging, conducted in a scanning transmission electron microscope.