Fig. 3: Enhanced precursor supply and reduced starch degradation improve cellular starch accumulation.

a Biosynthetic pathway for starch production from acetate. Genes that were overexpressed or repressed/deleted were marked in red or purple, respectively. b–g Starch content in low starch producing strain (ST503, b–d) and high starch-producing strains ST587 (e), ST594 (f), and ST1220 (g), engineered for enhanced glucose-1-phosphate supply, reduced starch degradation, and decreased UDP-glucose diversion. F1,6BP D-fructose 6-phosphate, F6P fructose 6-phosphate, G6P glucose 6-phosphate, GL6P gluconolactone 6-phosphate, G1P glucose 1-phosphate, Glu glucose, T6P trehalose 6-phosphate, PGI1 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, PGM1 Phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate-dependent), PGM2 Phosphoglucomutase. Data shown are mean values ± SDs of biological replicates (b (n = 4), c (n = 3 or 4), d (n = 4), e (n = 3 or 4), f (n = 4), g (n = 3 or 4)). b–g Statistical difference was determined by a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.