Fig. 6: Transcriptome and anti-tumor immune mechanism analysis of wf-UMP.

a Volcano plots of DEGs between wf-UMP and control cohorts. Significant DEGs (red and blue dots): adjusted p-value < 0.05, fold change >2. b Gene ontology (GO) chord plot revealed that the regulation of immune-related genes in different clusters. c Enrichment study highlighting KEGG pathways relevant to immune function. d, e Gene set enrichment analysis-enriched pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions (d) and T cell receptor signaling pathways (e) in wf-UMP compared to control. f FCM results of CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells and CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells infiltrated in tumors. g, h Quantitative analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells (g) and CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells (h) (n = 3 independent samples). i Representative flow cytometric analysis of MDSCs. j-l, Relative quantification of MDSCs (j), NKT cells (k), and TAM-M1 (l) (n = 3 independent samples). m–p Quantification of IFN-γ (m), IFN-β (n), IL-6 (o), and TNF-α (p) across treatment groups (n = 3 independent samples). All data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. Statistical difference was calculated using a two-tailed unpaired student’s t-test. Significance thresholds: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.