Fig. 3: Characterizations of oxygen vacancies and the induced dipole moment. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Characterizations of oxygen vacancies and the induced dipole moment.

From: A standalone bismuth vanadate-silicon artificial leaf achieving 8.4% efficiency for hydrogen production

Fig. 3

a Electron spin resonance spectra, (b) Normalized Bi L3-edge XANES μ(E) spectra, (c) Bi L3-edge radial distance χ(R) space spectra, and (d–e) Bi L3-edge 3D contour wavelet transforms of BVO-ΔOv and BVO. Etching-XPS spectra of O 1 s orbits for (f) BVO and (g) BVO-ΔOv with the etching depth from 0 to 150 nm. h Concentration profile of Ov species as a function of etching depth for BVO-ΔOv and BVO. i The calculated dipole moments of BVO-ΔOv and BVO along three different crystallographic directions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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