Fig. 1: Atomic stacking and the surface potential of t-BN layers with a slight twist angle.

a Sketch of moiré patterns through the parallel stacking of two monolayers BN with a slight twist angle, which comprises complex networks characterized by diverse stacking configurations. The light blue dots represent B atoms while the light pink dots signify N atoms. b Lateral perspectives of the lattice arrangement in an R-type bilayer h-BN, illustrating various stacking configurations including AA, AB/BA, IM and arbitrary stackings. The arrows depict the local electric dipole moment pointing from a B atom in one layer towards the nearest N atom in the adjacent layer, stemming from the interlayer charge redistribution. c The surface potential characterized by KPFM in a local region of t-BN layers with near zero-degree angle.