Fig. 2: PfFL and VALFL neural populations are most active during reaches early in learning.
From: Dissociable roles of distinct thalamic circuits in learning reaches to spatial targets
a Top: schematic and representative histology of viral targeting and GRIN lens implantation for calcium imaging in PfFL. Bottom: same for VALFL. Scale represents 1 mm. b Top: example average fluorescence of the imaging field of view with detected ROI masks overlayed for PfFL. Bottom: same for VALFL. Scale represents 100 μm. c Top: example detrended and z-scored calcium traces of cells aligned to a reach start (yellow line) for PfFL. Bottom: same for VALFL. d Top: trial-averaged z-scored fluorescence aligned to reach start for PfFL cells on example day. Mean ± SEM (black trace and yellow shaded bounds). Individual cell trial-averages (gray); n = 213 neurons, 5 mice. Bottom: same for VALFL; n = 189 neurons, 5 mice. e Schematic of the three time windows of a reach; pre-movement (white), during movement (yellow), after hit (gray). f Top: proportion of significantly modulated cells on early day of block 1 during the time windows depicted in (e) for PfFL, n = 5 mice. PfFL: Repeated measures one-way ANOVA, F(2,7) = 31, *p = 0.0003; Å Ãdák’s multiple comparisons: pre-movement vs during movement: *p = 0.008, during movement vs after hit: *p = 0.006. Bottom: same for VALFL, n = 5 mice. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA: F(1,6) = 15, *p = 0.007; Å Ãdák’s multiple comparisons: pre-movement vs during movement: *p = 0.008, during movement vs after hit: *p = 0.03. Data shown as mean ± SEM. g Top: trial-average z-scored fluorescence of all cells on 3 sessions from block 1; early (black), middle (green), late (cyan) for PfFL. Kruskal-Wallis test, population activity at start: *p < 0.0001; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, early vs mid: *p < 0.005, early vs late: *p < 0.0001, mid vs late: p > 0.05. Bottom: same as top for VALFL data. Kruskal-Wallis test, population activity at start: *p < 0.001; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, early vs mid: *p < 0.005, early vs late: *p < 0.005, mid vs late: *p < 0.0001. Data shown as mean ± SEM. h Same as (g) for block 2; Top: PfFL Kruskal-Wallis test, population activity at start: *p < 0.0001; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, early vs mid: *p < 0.0001, early vs late: *p < 0.0001, mid vs late: p > 0.05. Bottom: same as top for VALFL data. Kruskal-Wallis test, population activity at start: p > 0.05. Data shown as mean ± SEM. i Fraction of cells that are positively (white bar), negatively (gray bar), or not significantly (dark gray bar) modulated during movement for Pf (top, n = 5 mice) and VAL (bottom, n = 5 mice). Data shown from early block 1 (left), late block 1 (middle), and early block 2 (right). Data shown as mean ± SEM. See also Supplementary Fig. 2–4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
