Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort categorized by perioperative organ injury
From: Impact of perioperative organ injury on morbidity and mortality in 28 million surgical patients
Characteristic | All patients (N = 28,350,953) | Patients with POI‡ (N = 1,245,898) | Patients without POI (N = 27,105,055) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median age (IQR)—yrs | 59 [39–74] | 76 [66–82] | 58 [38–73] |
Female sex—no. (%) | 15,390,796 (54.3) | 516,057 (41.4) | 14,874,739 (54.9) |
Hospital admission type—no. (%) | |||
Referral from physician | 19,309,039 (68.1) | 384,096 (30.8) | 18,924,943 (69.8) |
Emergency | 8,287,300 (29.2) | 681,935 (54.7) | 7,605,365 (28.1) |
Transfer from another hospital | 733,057 (2.6) | 179,105 (14.4) | 553,952 (2.0) |
Transfer from rehabilitation | 2188 (<0.1) | 383 (<0.1) | 1805 (<0.1) |
Birth | 19,369 (<0.1) | 379 (<0.1) | 18,990 (<0.1) |
Median Charlson comorbidity index (IQR)—pts | 0 [0–2] | 3 [1–5] | 0 [0–1] |
Charlson Comorbidity Index Items—no. (%) | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 3,843,335 (13.6) | 392,551 (31.5) | 3,450,784 (12.7) |
Uncomplicated | 2,952,801 (10.4) | 258,435 (20.7) | 2,694,366 (9.9) |
With end-organ damage | 890,534 (3.1) | 134,116 (10.8) | 756,418 (2.8) |
Cancer | 3,156,980 (11.1) | 221,567 (17.8) | 2,935,413 (10.8) |
Non-metastatic | 2,246,180 (7.9) | 133,818 (10.7) | 2,112,362 (7.8) |
Metastatic | 910,800 (3.2) | 87,749 (7.0) | 823,051 (3.0) |
Renal disease | 2,336,360 (8.2) | 406,537 (32.6) | 1,929,823 (7.1) |
Congestive heart failure | 1,910,719 (6.7) | 427,143 (34.3) | 1,483,576 (5.5) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1,750,439 (6.2) | 169,875 (13.6) | 1,580,564 (5.8) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1,670,506 (5.9) | 227,379 (18.3) | 1,443,127 (5.3) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 812,635 (2.9) | 177,533 (14.2) | 635,102 (2.3) |
History of myocardial infarction | 599,614 (2.1) | 67,993 (5.5) | 527,621 (1.9) |
Dementia | 634,339 (2.2) | 126,623 (10.2) | 507,716 (1.9) |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 574,671 (2.0) | 160,401 (12.9) | 414,270 (1.5) |
Liver disease | 546,908 (1.9) | 79,929 (6.4) | 466,979 (1.7) |
Mild | 418,008 (1.5) | 52,203 (4.2) | 365,805 (1.3) |
Moderate to severe | 128,900 (0.5) | 27,726 (2.2) | 101,174 (0.4) |
Rheumatoid disease | 292,112 (1.0) | 21,018 (1.7) | 271,094 (1.0) |
Peptic ulcer disease | 230,826 (0.8) | 53,472 (4.3) | 177,354 (0.7) |
AIDS | 9179 (<0.1) | 934 (<0.1) | 8236 (<0.1) |
High-risk surgeries—no. (%)* | 9,546,235 (33.7) | 848,557 (68.1) | 8,697,678 (32.1) |
Abdominal surgery | 6,596,343 (23.3) | 407,507 (33.7) | 6,188,836 (22.8) |
Thoracic surgery† | 1,530,479 (5.4) | 184,536 (14.8) | 1,345,943 (5.0) |
Cardiac surgery | 1,101,545 (3.9) | 207,308 (16.6) | 894,237 (3.3) |
Intracranial surgery | 304,022 (1.1) | 46,128 (3.7) | 257,894 (1.0) |
Transplantation surgery | 13,846 (<0.1) | 3078 (0.2) | 10,768 (<0.1) |
