Table 3 Risk-adjusted associations of in-hospital mortality and morbidity with any perioperative organ injury, type of perioperative organ injury, and number of perioperative organ injuries from multivariable regression analysis models

From: Impact of perioperative organ injury on morbidity and mortality in 28 million surgical patients

Ā 

Mortality*

Morbidity†

In-hospital death

Survival

Hospital length of stay

Discharge

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Coefficient (95% CI)

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

Perioperative organ injury—

ā€ƒAny organ injury

9.28 (9.22–9.35)

3.51 (3.49–3.54)

11.15 (11.11–11.19)

0.45 (0.45–0.45)

Type of perioperative organ injury—

ā€ƒDelirium

1.40 (1.38–1.42)

0.81 (0.80–0.82)

10.59 (10.53–10.66)

0.54 (0.54–0.54)

ā€ƒStroke

2.99 (2.93–3.05)

1.56 (1.54–1.58)

6.47 (6.35–6.59)

0.70 (0.70–0.71)

ā€ƒAMI

3.28 (3.23–3.34)

1.82 (1.80–1.85)

4.28 (4.20–4.37)

0.65 (0.65–0.65)

ā€ƒARDS

10.60 (10.28–10.94)

1.75 (1.80–1.85)

16.04 (15.67–16.41)

0.32 (0.31–0.32)

ā€ƒPE

5.27 (5.15–5.39)

1.88 (1.85–1.92)

9.01 (8.85–9.17)

0.48 (0.47–0.48)

ā€ƒLI

24.96 (24.28–25.65)

3.48 (3.43–3.53)

3.01 (2.71–3.30)

0.31 (0.30–0.31)

ā€ƒAKI

7.91 (7.84–7.98)

3.15 (3.12–3.17)

10.24 (10.18–10.30)

0.46 (0.46–0.46)

Number of perioperative organ injury—

ā€ƒ1 POIs

7.36 (7.31–7.42)

3.23 (3.20–3.25)

9.81 (9.77–9.85)

0.48 (0.48–0.48)

ā€ƒ2 POIs

19.73 (19.49–19.98)

4.55 (4.50–4.60)

17.45 (17.32–17.57)

0.32 (0.31–0.32)

ā€ƒā‰„3 POIs

41.67 (40.58–42.79)

5.30 (5.20–5.40)

23.69 (23.32–24.06)

0.23 (0.23–0.23)

  1. *Mortality was assessed using three binary logistic regression models estimating the odds ratio and three corresponding Cox proportional hazard regression models estimating the hazard ratio for all-cause in-hospital death, introducing any perioperative organ injury, type of perioperative organ injury or number of perioperative organ injuries, respectively; for the complete models and details see supplementary appendix.
  2. †Morbidity was assessed using three robust regression models estimating the coefficients for hospital length of stay and three corresponding Cox proportional hazard models calculating the hazard ratio for hospital discharge, introducing any perioperative organ injury, type of perioperative organ injury or number of perioperative organ injuries, respectively; for the complete models see supplementary appendix.
  3. —odds ratios, hazard ratios and coefficients are adjusted for age, sex, emergency hospital admission, all items of the Charlson comorbidity index, and high-risk surgeries; for the complete models see supplementary appendix.
  4. AMI acute myocardial infarction, ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome, PE pulmonary embolism, ALI acute liver injury, AKI acute kidney injury, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, POI perioperative organ injury.