Fig. 2: Mechanisms of in-plane anisotropic growth of 2D perovskites driven by directional noncovalent intermolecular interactions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Mechanisms of in-plane anisotropic growth of 2D perovskites driven by directional noncovalent intermolecular interactions.

From: Two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum-well nanowires enabled by directional noncovalent intermolecular interactions

Fig. 2

a Crystal structures of (PMA)2PbI4 or (PMA)2SnI4 viewed along the b- and a-axis, (PMA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2 and 3), and (PMA)2PbBr4. b Optical image of a (PMA)2PbI4 crystal, showing the longer axis which corresponds to (010) direction. The scale bar is 20 μm. c The arrangement of the PMA+ cations in (PMA)2PbI4 and (PMA)2PbBr4 viewed along the out-of-plane direction, showing directional C-H···π interactions along the b-axis in (PMA)2PbI4 (red dashed lines). d Optical images of (PMA)2SnI4, (PMA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2, or 3), and (PMA)2PbBr4 crystals. (PMA)2PbBr4 forms square-flake crystals, whereas the other three form elongated needle-like crystals. All scale bars are 1.25 mm. e The arrangement of the BA+ cations in (BA)2PbI4 viewed along the out-of-plane direction, showing weak CH3···CH3 van der Waals interactions. f The arrangement of the PA+ cations in (PA)2PbI4 viewed along the out-of-plane direction, showing directional CH3···CH3 van der Waals interactions along the a-axis (red dashed lines). g The arrangement of the 2CF3PEA+ cations in (2CF3PEA)2PbI4 viewed along the a-axis, showing directional π···π stacking interactions along the c-axis (red dashed lines). h, The arrangement of the ABA+ cations in (ABA)2PbI4 viewed along the b-axis, showing directional hydrogen bonding interactions along the a-axis (red dashed lines).

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