Fig. 7: Pressure-responsive O3P@LPYU inhibits malignant pleural effusion in LLC-MPE model.
a Treatment schedule of O3P@LPYU-based piezoelectric catalytic therapy. The figure was created in BioRender (https://BioRender.com/h74k184). b Bioluminescence and c ultrasound images of LLC-MPE mice from different treatment groups were captured every other day after the start of treatment. d Representative images of pleural effusions and tumors in LLC-MPE mice with the indicated treatment. e Measurement of MPE volume on day 22 in LLC-MPE mice (n = 5 biologically independent animals per group). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests: PBS vs. Yb-UIO-66, p = 0.0001 (***); PBS vs. O3P@LPYU, p < 0.0001 (****); Yb-UIO-66 vs. O3P@LPYU, p < 0.0001 (****). f Measurement of pleural tumor weight on day 22 in LLC-MPE mice (n = 5 biologically independent animals per group). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests: PBS vs. Yb-UIO-66, p = 0.0331 (*); PBS vs. O3P@LPYU, p < 0.0001 (****); Yb-UIO-66 vs. O3P@LPYU, p = 0.0026 (**). g Body weight changes in LLC-MPE mice receiving the indicated treatments (n = 5 biologically independent animals per group). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. h Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of LLC-MPE mice subjected to different treatments (n = 5 biologically independent animals per group); statistical analysis using the two-sided log-rank test: Yb-UIO-66 vs. O3P@LPYU, p = 0.0197 (*). i Representative images of lungs and heart in LLC-MPE mice following the indicated treatments. j Representative histological examinations of the lung and heart with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Scale bar = 500 μm for lung; Scale bar = 200 μm for heart. k Full-section fluorescence scan and local magnification of TUNEL and DAPI staining in pleural tumor tissues. Scale bar (full-section scan) = 1 mm. Scale bar (local magnification) = 200 μm. l Pleural tumors were analyzed by IHC for Ki67 expression. Scale bar = 200 μm. IVIS in vivo imaging system, US ultrasound, MPE malignant pleural effusion.
