Fig. 6: Skin microbiota (Hcm) in the model can metabolize arbutin and niacinamide (NAM) to hydroquinone and nicotinic acid (NA).
From: Microecology in vitro model replicates the human skin microbiome interactions
a Schematic diagram of experiments on the metabolism of arbutin and niacinamide by skin microbiota. b High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of the reaction mixture of arbutin and Hcm in the model. Blue: Arbutin and Hydroquinone standard; Red: 24 h after incubation of arbutin with Hcm in SCmic model; Green: 24 h after incubation of arbutin without Hcm in SCmic model. c Structure of degradation products of α-Arbutin. d Molecular mechanical model of α-Arbutin binding to C. acnes α-Glucosidase. e HPLC chromatogram of the reaction mixture of niacinamide and Hcm in the model. Blue: niacinamide and nicotinic acid standard; Red: 24 h after incubation of niacinamide with Hcm in SCmic model; Green: 24 h after incubation of niacinamide without Hcm in SCmic model. f Structure of degradation products of niacinamide. g Molecular mechanical model of niacinamide binding to C. acnes PncA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
