Fig. 6: THAS1 is required for reshaping the root microbiome in response to GMI1000 infection in natural soil.

a Schematic diagram showing the design and sample preparation for microbiome sequencing study, some elements of this figure are Created in BioRender. Qiuhua, Y. (2025) https://BioRender.com/l80x360. b Principal coordinates analysis based on Bray–Curtis distance was performed for all samples from different genotypes and treatments. (PERMANOVA by using vegan adonis2, n = 6 replicates for each group). c Differences in β diversity among treatments were estimated based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix of all samples within genotypes. Box plots show the median (horizontal bar), 25th (bottoms of boxes), and 75th (tops of boxes) quartile range (QR), as well as non-outlier data value (upper and lower whiskers). Each dot represents the pairwise distance between samples within a group (n = 15 each paired comparison). P-values were calculated using the Student’s T-test (two sides). The P-values are labeled in the figure. d The relative abundance of the top 20 abundant genera in the roots of different genotypes. ** represents the adjusted P-value below 0.01, calculated using DESeq2 with default parameters. e Differential abundant genera were identified by using Deseq2. The sizes of each dot represent the average counts of each genus in all samples. Different colors indicate enriched or depleted genera. f The relative abundance of ASVs within Oxalobacteraceae. g The protecting effects against GMI1000 infection in isolated strains from Oxalobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae. The images were taken 10 days after inoculated with different microbes. h Quantification of the primary root length from (g) (n = 8 samples). The experiment was repeated twice with consistent phenotypes. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) by ANOVA and Tukey’s test.