Fig. 6: PQS-Dependent Stabilization of R-loop Structure in Supercoiled DNA.

a–f Heatmaps generated by overlaying traces that show transcription-induced DNA structural changes in supercoiled DNA with (a) NT-PQS (-sp30) and (b) control. c–f Single-molecule traces are synchronized either at the time of RNAP and NTP addition for NT-PQS (-sp30) (c) and control (d) or the time of forming long-lived G4 and R-loop structures for NT-PQS (-sp30) (e) and control (f). g Quantification of transcription-induced G4/R-loop or R-loop formation for NT-PQS (blue solid line and circle) and control (gray solid line and circle) in the presence of Topoisomerase Ι (orange dashed line and circle) (f and g) Schematic illustrations of reaction dynamics in the presence (h) or absence (i) of PQS in supercoiled DNA, emphasizing the role of PQS in driving the reaction to stabilize R-loop structures in supercoiled DNA.