Fig. 3: Chemical and structural characterizations of HEA/c-PdSn.

a XPS of Pd spectra for HEA and HEA/c-PdSn. b XANES and (c) WT of Pd K edge for Pd foil, HEA, HEA/c-PdSn. d Coordination number of HEA and HEA/c-PdSn in terms of Pd-Pd/Sn, Pd-Fe/Co/Ni, and total CN. e HADDF-STEM image of HEA/c-PdSn from the view of [110], including five nanodomains with five-fold symmetry. f Enlarged HADDF-STEM image in the red dash frame of (e), dark atom columns colored blue and bright atom columns colored yellow. g The intensity of the line scan in the white frame of (f). The error bars represent standard deviations derived from the covariance matrix in the least-squares fitting process of the synchrotron radiation data. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.