Fig. 1: Antibiotic-induced microbiota alterations impact pregnancy outcome.

Schematic representation of the experimental plan (a). Vancomycin treatment (filled symbols) is associated with increased pregnancy loss and fetal resorption at embryonic day (ed) 12.5 (p = 0.0259) and ed14.5 (p = 0.0003) (b, c), significant reduction of placental/fetal ratio at ed14.5 (p = 0.0115, placental weight on fetal weight, d), reduction of the labyrinth area (p = 0.0052, e, f) and increased blood engorgement (g) compared to control pregnancies (open symbols) at ed14.5. Lines represent mean plus SEM, two-sided Mann Whitney test *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (c–e). Magnification: 10X (f, g). ed: embryonic day; Lab: labyrinth. c includes 10 independent experiments. d represents 9 independent experiments for control and vamcomycin-treated dams at ed12.5, 10 independent experiments for control and vancomycin-treated dams at ed14.5, and 10 independent experiments for control dams and 7 independent experiments for vancomycin-treated dams at ed18.5. In (e), 10 different placentas isolated from 5 experiments were measured. See also Supplementary Fig. 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.