Fig. 4: LNP^IT transfected malignant cell types of HNSCC tumors and upregulated RNA and protein metabolic pathways.

a When mapped to the human genome, PDX tumor cells grouped into 11 different clusters using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). b Cells in clusters 2 and 10 had the highest expression of 12 genes established via scRNA-seq as a prognostic malignant HNSCC cell gene signature in patients with HNSCC⁴⁶. c, d LNP^IT transfected aVHH differently within each PDX HNSCC cluster. e aVHH⁺ cells transfected with LNP^IT compared to aVHH^- cells (top 80 upregulated genes, p < 0.001). f Reactome pathway analysis based on most significantly upregulated genes by LNP^IT (p < 0.01), showing upregulated pathways associated with the metabolism of proteins (Reactome ID: R-HSA-392499.10). g Twenty-eight pathways were upregulated by LNP^IT; half of these are associated with mRNA translation into protein. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.