Fig. 1: Synthesis strategy and physical characterization of NiFe-SQ/NF-R.

a Diagram of the preparation process of NiFe-SQ/NF-R. SEM images of b NiFe-SQ/NF and c NiFe-SQ/NF-R. d AC-TEM images with color processing of NiFe-SQ/NF-R (Taken from the square morphology region). e AC-TEM image of NiFe-SQ/NF-R. f The corresponding autocorrelated lattice fringe pattern of NiOOH(Sq2−) (1 0 5). g Structure diagram of Fe-doped NiOOH(Sq2−) (Green, blue, red, and gray represent the Ni, Fe, O, and C atoms). h HAADF TEM image and i–l elemental mappings of Ni, Fe, O, and C elements for NiFe-SQ/NF-R.