Fig. 4: Identification of optimal nonlinear coefficients via DEM simulation for varied impactor conditions for the case of peak transmitted kinetic energy minimization.
From: Customizable wave tailoring nonlinear materials enabled by bilevel inverse design
a Optimal kinetic energy ratio (KE ratio) as a function of impact conditions and corresponding nonlinear spring coefficients b c2 and c c3 for a material of N = 20 and ζ = 0.005. The color bar in (a) is saturated at a KE ratio of unity. The dashed black line denotes the onset of self contact (Δ x < − 1) in the linear system. The dot in (a) denotes the high performing case used for mesostructure design. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
