Fig. 1: MOF liquid-infusion enabled MOF Glass infused high-voltage cathode to stabilize cathode stability and enhance fast Li-ion diffusion.

a, b A double-layer coating is applied to the surface of the high-voltage cathode material, featuring an outer layer of non-conductive porous material with sub-nanometer channels which can promotes Li-ion pre-desolvation and an inner layer that facilitates rapid Li-ion conduction. c Schematic of the transformation of Zn-P-dmbIm MOF powder to MOF liquid and MOF Glass and the corresponding XRD patterns of Zn-P-dmbIm MOF powder and MOF Glass. d Schematic illustration of using MOF liquid-infusion strategy to prepare MOF Glass infused cathode, with the MOF liquid uniformly coated the surface of NCM secondary particle and infused into GBs between the NCM primary particles before MOF liquid vitrificated into MOF Glass. SEM and TEM images of (e) Zn-P-dmbIm MOF powder and (f) MOF Glass. SEM image of (g) bare NCM-811 and (h) Glass coated NCM-811 (Glass@NCM-811). i Contact angles of the MOF liquid on NCM-811 electrode. TEM images of (j, k) bare NCM-811 and (l, m) Glass@NCM-811. The TEM in (m) verified the uniform MOF Glass outer layer and the formation of inner layer. n In-depth etching XPS of the prepared Glass@NCM-811. XPS results confirmed that the inner layer was composed of components that accelerate Li-ion conduction.