Fig. 1: Immune cells are activated in patients with CCUS.

A UMAP plots of scRNA-seq data from BM MNCs isolated from 2 yHDs (n = 6,494), 2 eHDs (n = 3,719), and 3 patients with CCUS (n = 11,981). Each dot represents one cell. Numbering and/or colors represent the sample origin (top) and cell identity (bottom). HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell; cDC, classic dendritic cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; RBC, red blood cell. B Frequencies of different cell subsets in BM MNCs from yHDs, eHDs, and CCUS patients were analyzed using scRNA-seq. Colors are coded as in A, and cell populations are organized in the same order as in the legend, in a clockwise direction. C Pathway enrichment analysis of genes that were significantly (P adj ≤ 0.05) upregulated (top) or downregulated (bottom) in immune cell subsets from CCUS patients compared with those from eHDs. The top 10 Reactome or KEGG gene sets are shown, respectively. D Connectome web analysis of interacting MNC types isolated from the BM of CCUS patients compared with those isolated from the BM of eHDs and yHDs. The vertex size is proportional to the number of CCUS-specific interactions to and from each cell type, and the thickness of each connecting line is proportional to the number of interactions between two nodes. A one-sided permutation test was used to determine if a pair was significant. HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell; RBC, red blood cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; cDC, classic dendritic cell. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.