Fig. 1: Virus infection and LED-only stimulation of CG neurons.

a Schematic representation of virus injection into LGN and retrograde infection of CG neurons (red) in V1. Retinal inputs to LGN relay neurons (both cyan) and inhibitory LGN and TRN inputs (black) are also shown. b Coronal sections through caudal portions of the LGN in Monkeys L (i), C (ii), and K (iii) stained for cytochrome oxidase to reveal LGN layers and against mCherry to reveal virus injection sites. Red arrows mark injection needle penetration tracks. Medial is left, dorsal is up in each. Scale bars are 200Â microns. c Coronal sections through V1 in Monkeys L (i) and K (ii) stained for cytochrome oxidase (layers labeled) and against mCherry to reveal virus-infected CG neurons. Scale bars are 200Â microns. d Rasters and PSTHs of putative CG neurons recorded in Monkeys C (i), K (ii), and L (iii) in response to LED stimulation alone. Blue lines in rasters illustrate LED onset. LED protocol involved multiple pulses (including after time 0) in diii prompting the longer x-axis scale. e Raster and PSTH of an LGN neuronal response to LED stimulation alone; conventions as in (d).