Fig. 3: Evaluation of modality contributions and validation of MOFS subtypes.

A Heatmap showing the clustering results derived from single modality (left panel) and clustering results when each modality was excluded from the multimodal MOFS framework (right panel). B Bar plot showing the significance of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for different clustering strategies, represented as -log10(p-value) from log-rank tests. C Comparison of MOFS subtypes with traditional GBM classifications. D Kaplan-Meier survival curves across eight cohorts, demonstrating significant survival differences among MOFS subtypes. Statistic tests: log-rank test.