Fig. 4: Nitroxoline increases intracellular levels of copper and zinc. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Nitroxoline increases intracellular levels of copper and zinc.

From: Uncovering nitroxoline activity spectrum, mode of action and resistance across Gram-negative bacteria

Fig. 4

a–c Nitroxoline affects metal homoeostasis inducing copper and zinc detoxification responses, as determined by 2D-TPP. Heatmaps show the relative remaining soluble fraction compared to the vehicle control at each temperature to highlight changes in protein abundance and thermal stability profiles of the Cu(I) exporter CopA, the periplasmic copper oxidase CueO (a), the transcriptional regulators Zur and ZntR, zinc importer ZnuA and exporter ZntA (b), and the manganese importer MntH (c), are shown. d Nitroxoline increases intracellular levels of copper, zinc and manganese. Synchrotron-based nano-XRF measurements on E. coli untreated or exposed to nitroxoline (1 µg/ml), expressed as elemental areal density (ng/cm2). The mean and standard error across ≥5 cells are shown (Methods). ns p > 0.05; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001 (two-sided Welch’s t-test). Copper, p = 0.01; iron, p = 0.73; manganese, p = 0.0006; zinc, p = 0.0005. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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