Fig. 3: Compared with primary neurons, proliferating cells can repair the nuclear membrane to reduce cell death caused by calcium overload.

A Cell viability was assessed in HEK293 cell lines following treatment with 1 μM ionomycin at different time intervals after PMZ addition (0 h, represented by the blue line, and 48 h, represented by the red line) (n = 3 independent experiments). B Cell viability was assessed in primary cultured neurons following the same treatment regimen (1 μM ionomycin) at varying time intervals post-PMZ addition (0 h, blue line; 48 h, red line) (n = 3 independent experiments). C Images from live-cell imaging of HEK293 cells transfected with the nuclear membrane protein SUN1-GFP were captured to observe the integrity of the nuclear membrane following 1 μM ionomycin treatment. The red arrow indicates nuclear envelope rupture. Images are representative of three independent experimental replicates. D Images of immunofluorescence staining of TLK2 and the nuclear pore complex in primary cultured neurons, comparing normal and hypoxic conditions, with and without PMZ treatment. Images are representative of three independent experimental replicates. All data are presented as means ± SD, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, “ns” indicate no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). Source data are provided in the Source Data file.