Fig. 9: AAV-induced signalling involves STING and IL-1R downstream of p53.

A Experimental design for the treatment of hiPSC-derived astrocytes. Analysis of (B) p53-dependent genes, (C) cytokines and (D) ISGs by qPCR in hiPSC-derived astrocytes at day 4 post-AAV2 transduction. Data are shown as mean ± SD between 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. E Quantification of CXCL8 in culture supernatants from hiPSC-derived astrocytes measured by ELISA as mean ± SD between 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test. F Experimental design for the treatment of hiPSC-derived neurons. For (A) and (F), schemes were partially created with Biorender. Costa, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/u34k332. G Quantification of cC3 staining in hiPSC-derived neurons treated as in F harvested at day 5 post-AAV9 transduction. N = 40 FOVs for untransduced (UT) and AAV9, n = 36 FOVs for AAV9 + H151, across cultures from 3 independent experiments, 3 coverslips per condition per experiment. Data points refer to individual fields of view. (H) Immunofluorescence staining of the neuron marker Tuj1 and the astrocyte marker EAAT2 in mixed 2D cultures transduced with GFP. I Quantification of cC3 staining in hiPSC-derived mixed 2D cultures treated as in F harvested at day 5 post-AAV9 transduction. N = 24 FOVs for untransduced (UT) and AAV9 + H151, n = 25 FOVs for AAV9, across cultures from 2 independent experiments, 3 coverslips per condition per experiment. Data points refer to individual fields of view. For (G) and (I), statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.