Fig. 3: OsGATA7 directly binds to the SMOS1 promoter and activates its transcription.

a Subcellular location of OsGATA7-GFP in rice protoplasts. D53 fused to the red fluorescent protein mCherry was used as a nuclear marker. The experiments were replicated 3 times with similar results. b Transcriptional activation activity of full-length OsGATA7 and its truncated variants in yeast cells. Each OsGATA7 variant was fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain (BD). NTR, N-terminal region; CTR, C-terminal region. c Volcano plot showing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ZH11 and osgata7. Grains at 10 days after fertilization (DAF) were used for RNA-seq analysis based on log2 (FC) > 1.5 and p-value < 0.05. d CUT&Tag assay revealing the genome-wide distribution of OsGATA7 binding peaks, shown as a proportion of genomic features. UTR, untranslated region. e Venn diagram showing the extent of overlap between the DEGs identified via RNA-seq and putative OsGATA7 target genes identified via CUT&Tag. f Integrative Genome Viewer (IGV) window showing the enrichment of OsGATA7 at the SMOS1 promoter, as determined via CUT&Tag analysis. Red arrows indicate significant peaks calculated by the peak-calling prioritization pipeline PePr. LOC_Os05g32260 upstream of SMOS1 was used as a negative control. SMOS1-P1 and SMOS1-P2 represent the 1.0- and 0.35-kb SMOS1 promoter fragments, respectively. g Motifs of OsGATA7-binding peaks identified via CUT&Tag analysis. The red arrow indicates the binding motif identified in the SMOS1 promoter region. h Yeast one-hybrid assay showing that OsGATA7 can bind to the SMOS1 promoter. i Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showing that OsGATA7 directly binds to a probe derived from the SMOS1 promoter. The experiments were replicated 3 times with similar results. j Relative SMOS1 expression levels in 10-DAF grains of ZH11 and osgata7 mutants determined via RT−qPCR. k Dual-luciferase assay showing the transcriptional activation activity of OsGATA7 toward SMOS1 transcription in rice protoplasts. Relative luciferase activity was calculated as firefly luciferase (LUC)/Renilla luciferase (REN). n = 3 independent experiments in (j, k). Data are presented as the means ± SD, and P-values are indicated by a two-tailed Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.