Fig. 3: Created complicated 3D polarization in situ.
From: In situ fully vectorial tomography and pupil function retrieval of tightly focused fields
a The reference VPF (left column), and the reconstructed one (right column). In the reference VPF, the middle row displays the phase optimized for the desired PSFvec. The top row illustrates the amplitude captured by the Stokes camera when the optimized phase is loaded onto a spatial light modulator (SLM). The bottom row shows the polarization constraint applied during phase optimization. b The optimized PSFvec (top row), and the reconstructed counterpart (bottom row). Only regions with significant intensity are shown in the phase visualization. The electric fields of the target four foci are \({{{{\bf{E}}}}}_{A}=\left[1/\sqrt{2},1/\sqrt{2},{0}\right]^{\top },\,{{{{\bf{E}}}}}_{B}=\left[1/\sqrt{2},{e}^{i\pi /2}/\sqrt{2},{0}\right]^{\top },\,{{{{\bf{E}}}}}_{C}=\left[1/\sqrt{3},{e}^{-i\pi /2}/\sqrt{3},{e}^{-i\pi /2}/{\sqrt{3}}\right]^{\top }\), and ED = [0, 0, 1]⊤, respectively, where ⊤ denotes matrix transpose. c The polarization and intensity of the target (left column), the optimized (middle column), and the reconstructed (right column) PSFvec. The gray and rainbow colormaps indicate the intensity and the 3D polarization ellipticity, respectively. The normal directions of 3D polarization ellipses are omitted, as Ez may dominate. d–f are for continuous PSFvec. The electric field of the target continuous field is \({{{\bf{E}}}}({{{\bf{r}}}})=[\cos \varphi ({{{\bf{r}}}}),\sin \varphi ({{{\bf{r}}}}),{e}^{i\varphi ({{{\bf{r}}}})}]^{\top }\), where r and φ represent the position vector and the azimuthal angle on the focal plane, respectively.
