Fig. 7: Application of trifluoperazine and silencing of CaM genes induced cell death and high ROS levels in plants.
From: A conserved fungal effector disturbs Ca2+ sensing and ROS homeostasis to induce plant cell death
a, b Phenotypes (a) and H2O2 content (b) in N. benthamiana leaves upon trifluoperazine treatment. Phenotypes and detection of H2O2 content were taken at 12 h post treatment. Red and blue circles in a indicate trifluoperazine treatment and distilled water treatment (control), respectively. c-f Phenotype (c), electrolyte leakage (d), PI staining (e), and H2O2 content (f) assays in citrus fruit upon trifluoperazine treatment. Samples were taken at 1.5 d post treatment. In e, white triangles indicate dead cells. Bars, 25 μm. g Phenotypes of TRV-mediated silencing of CaM genes including Nbv6.1trP1436, Nbv6.1trP41917 and Nbv6.1trP52729. White triangles indicate obvious cell death areas. h, i Electrolyte leakage assays (h) and H2O2 content (i) in control (TRV:00) and silenced N. benthamiana leaves. In g–i, samples were taken at 14 days post agroinfiltration. In a, c, e, g, these experiments were repeated three times with similar results. In b, d, f, h, i, data were shown as mean ± SD of three biological replicates, and differences were assessed using two-tailed t-test (***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05).
